9+ APUSH Unit 3 Practice Test Questions & Answers


9+ APUSH Unit 3 Practice Test Questions & Answers

This evaluation device is designed to guage comprehension of the content material lined within the third section of the Superior Placement United States Historical past curriculum. These evaluations generally characteristic multiple-choice questions, short-answer prompts, and document-based questions mirroring the format of the particular AP examination. Efficiency on this instrument serves as an indicator of a pupil’s preparedness for the official AP evaluation.

Efficient utilization of this evaluative useful resource supplies a number of advantages. It facilitates identification of areas the place content material mastery is missing, permitting for targeted evaluation and focused examine efforts. Moreover, partaking with these assessments cultivates familiarity with the construction and pacing of the AP examination, decreasing check anxiousness and enhancing time administration abilities. Traditionally, constant engagement with such sources has correlated with greater scores on the standardized AP examination.

The next sections will discover key themes and techniques pertinent to efficiently navigating such an evaluation device, together with content material evaluation ideas, test-taking methodologies, and approaches to analyzing totally different query sorts to optimize efficiency.

1. Content material Mastery

Content material Mastery instantly impacts efficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check”. A complete understanding of the historic durations, occasions, and themes encompassed inside Unit 3 of the APUSH curriculum varieties the bedrock for answering questions precisely and successfully. The follow evaluation serves as a method to gauge the extent of such understanding; insufficient preparation will manifest in decrease scores and issue in addressing questions that demand detailed historic information. For instance, a query relating to the Market Revolution requires a grasp of its causes, penalties, key figures, and its socio-economic affect on totally different areas of america. Missing this data will render the query unanswerable.

Moreover, Content material Mastery extends past mere memorization of information. It entails the flexibility to synthesize info, draw connections between totally different occasions, and analyze historic developments. The “apush unit 3 follow check” usually options questions that check this analytical talent, similar to document-based questions that require college students to interpret main sources and formulate arguments based mostly on historic proof. An instance is analyzing a political cartoon from the Jacksonian Period; Content material Mastery allows a pupil to discern its meant message, its historic context, and its implications for the political panorama of the time. A shallow understanding of the interval would hinder a significant evaluation.

In abstract, Content material Mastery will not be merely a prerequisite, however a core part of success on the follow evaluation. It supplies the muse for answering factual questions, analyzing main sources, and setting up coherent arguments. Weaknesses in content material information will invariably translate into decrease efficiency, underscoring the need of diligent examine and thorough preparation. The follow evaluation itself highlights areas the place additional examine is important, thereby enabling targeted revision and improved understanding.

2. Query Format

The association and magnificence of questions inside a “apush unit 3 follow check” considerably affect a pupil’s skill to show their information. The format dictates how college students have interaction with the fabric, requiring them to use their understanding in particular methods. For instance, multiple-choice questions demand the popularity of appropriate solutions from a variety, testing recall and comprehension. Brief-answer questions necessitate concise, targeted responses, evaluating the capability to synthesize info. Doc-based questions (DBQs) require the evaluation and interpretation of main supply paperwork to assemble an argument, assessing each analytical and writing abilities. The impact is that mastery of a specific historic idea is inadequate if a pupil is unfamiliar with how that information might be assessed.

The significance of query format lies in its affect on test-taking methods. Every format necessitates a definite strategy. For multiple-choice, methods similar to technique of elimination and cautious studying of reply choices are essential. Brief-answer responses demand conciseness and direct relevance to the query. DBQs necessitate meticulous supply evaluation, identification of bias, and the development of a well-supported thesis. Ignoring the nuances of every format will hinder efficiency, even with a stable grasp of the historic content material. A pupil acquainted with the DBQ format might be higher ready to effectively analyze paperwork, develop a transparent argument, and construction their essay successfully, resulting in a better rating.

In conclusion, the format of questions on a “apush unit 3 follow check” will not be merely a superficial factor. It dictates the style during which college students have interaction with the historic content material and considerably impacts their skill to showcase their information. Understanding these codecs, and growing efficient methods for every, is paramount for attaining success. The problem lies in recognizing the distinct necessities of every format and adapting one’s strategy accordingly, thereby maximizing efficiency on the follow check and, in the end, the AP examination.

3. Time Administration

Efficient allocation of time is a important think about attaining a positive consequence on any standardized evaluation, notably the “apush unit 3 follow check.” This factor encompasses the flexibility to strategically distribute out there minutes throughout totally different query sorts and sections, guaranteeing that each one questions obtain ample consideration and that no section of the check unduly consumes sources.

  • Strategic Allocation

    Strategic Allocation entails predetermining the period of time to be devoted to every part of the evaluation, together with multiple-choice, brief reply, and essay parts. For example, a pupil may allocate 45 minutes for multiple-choice, half-hour for brief reply, and 45 minutes for the DBQ. Failure to stick to such a plan could end in speeding by means of later sections or leaving questions unanswered, impacting the general rating. Prior follow with the follow check utilizing timed situations is crucial for refining this talent.

  • Pacing Methods

    Pacing Methods discuss with sustaining a constant fee of progress all through every part. For instance, when confronted with 50 multiple-choice questions in 45 minutes, a tempo of roughly 54 seconds per query is required. Commonly monitoring the clock and adjusting pace accordingly is essential. College students who linger excessively on tough questions early on could discover themselves pressed for time later, jeopardizing their skill to finish the part adequately.

  • Prioritization of Questions

    Prioritization of Questions necessitates the flexibility to shortly determine and handle questions of various issue ranges. It’s advisable to first reply these questions which are instantly recognized, deferring tougher gadgets for later consideration. This strategy maximizes the variety of questions answered accurately throughout the allotted time, and might permit extra time to deal with tougher questions. College students who fixate on tough questions early on could discover that they’ve wasted extreme time that might have been spent on simpler gadgets.

  • Evaluate and Adjustment

    Evaluate and Adjustment constitutes the method of revisiting accomplished sections to determine and proper errors, in addition to adjusting the general technique based mostly on time remaining. This entails dedicating a couple of minutes on the finish of every part to evaluation solutions and be certain that no questions have been inadvertently skipped. If time permits, revisiting difficult questions initially skipped could result in improved accuracy. Adaptability to sudden difficulties and the flexibility to revise the preliminary plan are very important abilities.

These aspects of time administration, when successfully carried out, contribute to improved effectivity and decreased anxiousness when finishing the “apush unit 3 follow check.” Profitable time administration not solely maximizes the variety of questions answered but in addition permits for extra considerate consideration of every merchandise, rising the probability of choosing the right response. These methods are greatest developed by means of constant follow and self-assessment, with a deal with adapting strategies to particular person wants and tendencies.

4. Historic Context

The “apush unit 3 follow check” necessitates a radical comprehension of the historic circumstances surrounding occasions, concepts, and people throughout the specified interval. With out this contextual understanding, the test-taker is proscribed to rote memorization, hindering the flexibility to successfully analyze and interpret historic phenomena.

  • Political Panorama

    Understanding the prevailing political ideologies, events, and actions is essential. For instance, questions in regards to the Jacksonian Period require information of the rise of populism, the enlargement of suffrage, and the Financial institution Struggle. Lack of this context renders the political motivations and penalties of actions incomprehensible, resulting in inaccurate solutions on the evaluation.

  • Social and Cultural Norms

    Evaluation of social hierarchies, cultural values, and on a regular basis life supplies a framework for decoding historic occasions. Questions pertaining to the Second Nice Awakening require understanding the social anxieties of the time and the attraction of evangelical faith. Neglecting this context could result in misinterpretation of the motion’s affect on social reform and particular person conduct.

  • Financial Developments

    Familiarity with financial techniques, commerce patterns, and technological improvements is crucial for understanding historic transformations. Questions in regards to the Market Revolution necessitate information of industrialization, transportation developments, and the emergence of a nationwide economic system. With out this context, the socio-economic modifications and regional disparities of the period can’t be totally appreciated, resulting in flawed responses on the examination.

  • Mental and Philosophical Currents

    Comprehending the dominant mental developments and philosophical concepts informs interpretations of historic actions and occasions. Questions regarding transcendentalism require an understanding of its core tenets, similar to individualism, instinct, and the inherent goodness of humanity. Failure to acknowledge these philosophical underpinnings could end in a superficial understanding of the motion’s affect on literature, artwork, and social reform.

In abstract, contextualizing historic information is paramount for profitable efficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” The capability to situate occasions inside their broader political, social, financial, and mental milieu facilitates significant evaluation and correct interpretation. Due to this fact, check preparation ought to prioritize not solely the acquisition of factual information but in addition the event of strong contextual consciousness.

5. Supply Evaluation

The capability to interact in supply evaluation is prime to efficient efficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” This talent entails the important analysis of main and secondary supply supplies to discern their which means, function, and historic context. Its proficiency is essential for answering document-based questions (DBQs) and brief reply questions that require evidence-based arguments.

  • Identification of Writer’s Level of View

    Figuring out the attitude or bias of the supply’s creator is paramount. Recognizing the creator’s background, meant viewers, and potential motivations informs an understanding of the supply’s reliability and limitations. For instance, an excerpt from a speech by a Southern plantation proprietor relating to slavery necessitates contemplating the creator’s vested curiosity in sustaining the establishment. Failure to determine this bias might result in a misinterpretation of the supply’s message.

  • Contextualization of the Supply

    Putting the supply inside its historic context permits for a deeper understanding of its significance. This entails contemplating the social, political, and financial circumstances surrounding the supply’s creation. A political cartoon from the Jacksonian Period, as an illustration, requires information of the Financial institution Struggle, the rise of populism, and the continued debates over federal energy. With out this contextual understanding, the cartoon’s meant message and its implications for the political panorama stay obscured.

  • Analysis of Supply Reliability

    Assessing the credibility and accuracy of the supply is essential for setting up legitimate arguments. This entails contemplating elements such because the creator’s experience, the supply’s meant function, and the supply of corroborating proof. A private diary, whereas offering beneficial insights into particular person experiences, could also be topic to bias or inaccuracies. Cross-referencing with different sources is important to confirm its reliability.

  • Extraction of Related Proof

    Figuring out and extracting related info from the supply to assist a particular argument is a key part of supply evaluation. This entails rigorously studying the supply, figuring out key themes and concepts, and deciding on particular passages that present proof for the argument. For instance, when writing an essay in regards to the Market Revolution, college students should determine and cite particular examples from main sources, similar to ads, letters, or authorities paperwork, to assist their claims about its affect on American society.

These components of supply evaluation are integral to efficiently navigating the “apush unit 3 follow check.” The flexibility to critically consider sources, perceive their context, and extract related proof allows the development of well-supported arguments and contributes to a extra nuanced understanding of historic occasions. Mastery of supply evaluation abilities strengthens efficiency on document-based questions, brief reply questions, and general comprehension of historic themes.

6. Crucial Pondering

Crucial pondering is an indispensable part for fulfillment on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” It extends past the mere recall of historic information and as a substitute emphasizes the analytical abilities required to interpret proof, synthesize info, and assemble coherent arguments. The follow evaluation serves as a platform for evaluating these abilities by means of varied query codecs, most notably the document-based query (DBQ) and brief reply questions, which demand the appliance of important thought.

The follow check’s effectiveness hinges on its skill to problem examinees’ skill to motive traditionally. Contemplate a DBQ targeted on the causes of the Civil Struggle. Fairly than merely itemizing elements, important pondering prompts a person to guage the relative significance of every trigger, assess the interaction between them, and formulate a nuanced argument supported by proof from the supplied paperwork. Equally, a brief reply query asking in regards to the affect of the Second Nice Awakening requires not solely recalling the motion’s tenets but in addition analyzing its broader social and cultural implications, distinguishing between its short-term and long-term results. Actual-world software reveals that these cognitive abilities are transferable to varied tutorial {and professional} settings, fostering improved decision-making and problem-solving capabilities.

In conclusion, important pondering will not be merely an ancillary talent however a core requirement for attaining proficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” It empowers test-takers to maneuver past rote memorization and interact with historic materials in a extra significant and analytical method. This emphasis on important thought aligns with the broader targets of historic training, which seeks to domesticate knowledgeable, engaged residents able to understanding and decoding the complexities of the previous to raised navigate the current.

7. Essay Construction

Efficient essay construction is a important part of success on the “apush unit 3 follow check,” notably for the document-based query (DBQ) and lengthy essay query (LEQ). A well-organized essay demonstrates a transparent understanding of the historic materials and a capability to assemble a coherent argument. A disorganized essay, no matter its factual accuracy, will probably obtain a decrease rating because of its incapability to successfully talk the test-taker’s information and evaluation.

  • Thesis Assertion

    A clearly articulated thesis assertion is the muse of any robust essay. It presents the principle argument or perspective and supplies a roadmap for the essay. On the “apush unit 3 follow check,” a robust thesis instantly addresses the immediate, takes a defensible place, and establishes the classes of research that might be explored within the physique paragraphs. A weak thesis could also be too broad, merely restate the immediate, or fail to supply a transparent argument.

  • Physique Paragraphs

    Nicely-developed physique paragraphs are important for supporting the thesis assertion with proof and evaluation. Every paragraph ought to deal with a particular facet of the argument and supply related historic info to assist that time. On the “apush unit 3 follow check,” physique paragraphs usually incorporate proof from main supply paperwork (for the DBQ) or historic examples (for the LEQ) to strengthen the argument. Efficient paragraphs additionally embrace evaluation that explains the importance of the proof and connects it again to the thesis assertion. A scarcity of supporting proof or evaluation can weaken the general argument.

  • Doc Use and Evaluation (DBQ)

    For the document-based query, efficient use and evaluation of main supply paperwork is essential. The essay mustn’t merely summarize the paperwork however fairly use them as proof to assist the argument. College students also needs to show an understanding of the doc’s perspective, function, historic context, and meant viewers. Superficial or inaccurate evaluation of the paperwork will negatively affect the essay rating.

  • Contextualization

    Efficient contextualization entails situating the essay’s argument inside a broader historic context. This demonstrates an understanding of the long-term developments, occasions, and processes that formed the historic interval being examined. On the “apush unit 3 follow check,” contextualization is usually assessed within the introductory paragraph, the place college students are anticipated to offer related background info that units the stage for his or her argument. A scarcity of contextualization can lead to a decrease rating, because it suggests a restricted understanding of the historic context.

In conclusion, essay construction is a important determinant of success on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” A well-structured essay, characterised by a transparent thesis assertion, well-developed physique paragraphs, efficient doc use (for the DBQ), and contextualization, demonstrates a robust command of the historic materials and a capability to assemble a compelling argument. Check-takers ought to prioritize growing these essay writing abilities to maximise their efficiency on the follow evaluation and the precise AP examination.

8. Thematic Connections

The capability to determine and analyze recurring themes inside United States Historical past is paramount to success on assessments such because the “apush unit 3 follow check”. This proficiency facilitates a deeper comprehension of historic occasions, shifting past remoted information to disclose underlying patterns and causal relationships. The next dialogue outlines a number of key aspects of thematic connections throughout the context of the follow evaluation.

  • American Id

    The exploration of American Id, together with its evolving definition and the various teams which have contributed to its formation, is a recurring theme. For instance, questions on the “apush unit 3 follow check” may assess the altering definitions of citizenship through the antebellum interval or the affect of immigration on American tradition. A powerful grasp of this theme allows a complete evaluation of the social and political tensions of the period.

  • Financial Transformations

    The examine of financial transformations, such because the Market Revolution and the rise of business capitalism, is central to understanding the event of america. Questions could handle the affect of those modifications on social constructions, regional economies, and authorities coverage. A deep understanding of this theme aids in analyzing the causes and penalties of financial shifts and their affect on varied segments of society.

  • Political Growth

    Evaluation of political improvement, together with the evolution of presidency establishments, political ideologies, and social actions, is essential. The “apush unit 3 follow check” could embrace questions on the enlargement of democracy through the Jacksonian period or the rise of sectionalism resulting in the Civil Struggle. Connecting these occasions to broader developments in political thought and institutional change supplies a framework for decoding their significance.

  • Social Reform

    Investigation into social reform actions, similar to abolitionism, temperance, and girls’s rights, reveals the continued efforts to deal with social inequalities and injustices. Questions could look at the motivations, methods, and affect of those actions on American society. An understanding of this theme fosters an appreciation for the advanced interaction between social activism and political change.

Comprehending these thematic connections supplies a beneficial framework for decoding the historic occasions and processes lined on the “apush unit 3 follow check.” By recognizing recurring patterns and underlying themes, test-takers can develop a extra nuanced understanding of United States Historical past and enhance their skill to research and synthesize historic info.

9. Scoring Rubric

The scoring rubric serves because the definitive information for evaluating efficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check,” instantly influencing each its design and the following evaluation of pupil responses. This doc specifies the standards by which solutions are judged, outlining the purpose values assigned to varied parts, similar to thesis statements, proof utilization, and analytical depth. A transparent understanding of the rubric is subsequently essential for test-takers aiming to maximise their scores. For example, the document-based query (DBQ) part usually emphasizes the efficient use of main supply paperwork to assist a well-defined argument. The rubric dictates the precise variety of paperwork required and the diploma to which their evaluation have to be substantiated and contextualized, thus informing the test-taker’s strategy to this activity. A pupil conscious of those necessities will consciously prioritize a radical examination of the supplied sources and guarantee their integration right into a coherent and persuasive essay.

The sensible software of the scoring rubric extends past merely figuring out the standards; it entails actively utilizing this data through the test-taking course of. Earlier than starting an essay, a pupil ought to evaluation the rubric to determine the important thing components that might be assessed. This proactive strategy permits for a extra targeted and strategic allocation of effort and time, guaranteeing that each one essential parts are addressed adequately. For instance, if the rubric allocates a good portion of the factors to the thesis assertion, the coed ought to dedicate enough time to crafting a transparent, defensible, and traditionally correct argument. Moreover, the rubric usually consists of tips for awarding factors for particular abilities, similar to demonstrating an understanding of historic context or successfully addressing counterarguments. By being aware of those tips, college students can tailor their responses to align with the evaluator’s expectations, thereby rising their possibilities of incomes greater scores.

In abstract, the scoring rubric and the “apush unit 3 follow check” are inextricably linked, with the previous dictating the requirements towards which the latter is evaluated. A radical comprehension of the scoring rubric is crucial for check preparation and efficient test-taking methods. Whereas mastering the content material is essential, it’s equally necessary to grasp how that information might be assessed. The scoring rubric supplies this perception, enabling college students to focus their efforts on demonstrating the precise abilities and information which are valued by the evaluators. By understanding and using the scoring rubric, college students can optimize their efficiency on the follow check and enhance their preparedness for the precise AP examination.

Incessantly Requested Questions Relating to “apush unit 3 follow check”

The next questions handle widespread inquiries and considerations relating to the utilization and function of this evaluation device.

Query 1: What particular historic content material is usually lined on this evaluative useful resource?

The content material usually encompasses the interval from roughly 1754 to 1800, aligning with the curriculum frameworks established for Superior Placement United States Historical past. This era incessantly consists of occasions such because the French and Indian Struggle, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, the drafting and ratification of the Structure, and the early years of the republic below Presidents George Washington and John Adams.

Query 2: What sorts of questions are generally discovered inside this evaluation?

The evaluation usually incorporates multiple-choice questions designed to evaluate content material recall and comprehension, short-answer questions requiring concise responses to particular prompts, and document-based questions (DBQs) that necessitate the evaluation and interpretation of main supply supplies to assist a coherent argument.

Query 3: How can outcomes from this evaluation be used to enhance preparation for the precise AP examination?

Efficiency on this evaluation supplies beneficial insights into areas of power and weak point, thereby enabling focused evaluation of content material and refinement of test-taking methods. Incorrect solutions needs to be meticulously analyzed to determine gaps in information or errors in reasoning.

Query 4: What methods are really useful for managing time successfully through the evaluation?

Strategic time administration entails allocating particular timeframes to every part or query sort, adhering to a predetermined tempo, and prioritizing questions based mostly on perceived issue. Follow below simulated testing situations is essential for honing these abilities.

Query 5: What’s the significance of analyzing main supply paperwork within the context of the document-based query?

The document-based query requires the interpretation and synthesis of main supply supplies to assemble a well-supported argument. Efficient evaluation entails figuring out the creator’s perspective, contextualizing the supply inside its historic milieu, and extracting related proof to assist the thesis.

Query 6: How does understanding the scoring rubric contribute to improved efficiency?

Familiarity with the scoring rubric supplies a transparent understanding of the standards by which responses are evaluated. This information allows test-takers to tailor their solutions to align with the expectations of the graders, thereby maximizing the probability of incomes greater scores.

Efficient utilization of the “apush unit 3 follow check” requires a complete understanding of its content material, format, and scoring standards, in addition to the implementation of sound test-taking methods.

The next part will provide particular methods for maximizing efficiency on every query sort included on this evaluation.

Optimizing Efficiency on the “apush unit 3 follow check”

The next tips handle methods for maximizing scores on assessments evaluating mastery of the content material lined within the third unit of the AP United States Historical past curriculum.

Tip 1: Thorough Content material Evaluate: Rigorous evaluation of key historic durations, occasions, and ideas is paramount. Emphasis needs to be positioned on understanding the causes and penalties of serious occasions and the interactions between totally different historic forces. Instance: A radical understanding of the causes of the American Revolution, together with mercantilism, taxation with out illustration, and Enlightenment beliefs, is important for answering associated questions precisely.

Tip 2: Energetic Recall Follow: Energetic recall, the method of retrieving info from reminiscence with out exterior cues, is more practical than passive evaluation. Make use of flashcards, follow questions, or self-testing methods to actively recall historic info. Instance: As an alternative of merely rereading notes on the Constitutional Conference, try to listing the important thing compromises and debates from reminiscence, then seek the advice of notes to fill in gaps.

Tip 3: Doc Evaluation Proficiency: Growing proficiency in analyzing main supply paperwork is crucial for fulfillment on document-based questions (DBQs). Follow figuring out the creator’s perspective, historic context, and meant viewers, and use this info to interpret the doc’s which means and significance. Instance: When analyzing a letter from a Federalist arguing in favor of the Structure, acknowledge the creator’s bias in direction of a robust central authorities and take into account the precise considerations the letter addresses.

Tip 4: Structured Essay Writing: Essays needs to be structured logically, with a transparent thesis assertion, well-developed physique paragraphs, and a coherent argument supported by proof. Follow outlining essays earlier than writing to make sure a transparent and targeted presentation. Instance: When writing a DBQ on the causes of the Civil Struggle, start with a thesis assertion that identifies probably the most vital elements after which manage physique paragraphs round particular themes, utilizing proof from the paperwork to assist every level.

Tip 5: Time Administration Self-discipline: Strict adherence to closing dates is essential through the evaluation. Allocate a particular period of time to every part or query sort and monitor progress usually. If encountering a tough query, transfer on and return to it later if time permits. Instance: Allocate 45 minutes to the multiple-choice part, 40 minutes to the brief reply questions, and 60 minutes to the DBQ, and stick to those closing dates as carefully as doable.

Tip 6: Scoring Rubric Familiarity: Thorough understanding of the scoring rubric is crucial for tailoring responses to fulfill the evaluator’s expectations. Evaluate the rubric rigorously earlier than starting the evaluation and use it as a information when writing essays and answering brief reply questions. Instance: If the rubric emphasizes the significance of analyzing the historic context of main supply paperwork, be certain that the essay supplies a transparent and detailed clarification of the circumstances surrounding their creation.

Tip 7: Follow Below Simulated Circumstances: The “apush unit 3 follow check” needs to be accomplished below simulated testing situations, together with strict closing dates and a quiet, distraction-free surroundings. This helps construct endurance, enhance time administration abilities, and cut back check anxiousness. Instance: Simulate the precise AP examination surroundings by taking the follow evaluation in a quiet room with no interruptions and adhering to the prescribed closing dates for every part.

By diligently implementing these methods, people can considerably improve their efficiency on the evaluation.

This concludes the excellent information to maximizing scores. Additional sources can be found for continued preparation.

Conclusion

This exploration of the “apush unit 3 follow check” has addressed its construction, content material, and utilization. Understanding the important thing parts, together with content material mastery, query format, time administration, historic context, supply evaluation, important pondering, essay construction, thematic connections, and the scoring rubric, is crucial for efficient preparation. Methods for optimizing efficiency on every query sort had been offered, emphasizing lively recall, doc evaluation, and structured essay writing.

Constant and strategic engagement with such evaluation sources allows college students to gauge their preparedness and refine their understanding of the curriculum. Profitable navigation of this evaluative device in the end contributes to improved efficiency on the Superior Placement United States Historical past examination. Continued dedication to rigorous examine and targeted follow stays paramount for attaining mastery on this self-discipline.